Railway tie



June5g1923. L45Z537 J. MaCMARTlN I RAILWAY TIE xix/@ June 5, 1923. 1,457,537 J. MaCMARTlN RAILWAY TIE Filed Aug. 8. 1921 I5 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 5, 1923. 1,457,537 J. MaCMARTlN RAILWAY TIE Filed Aug. 8, 1921 SSheets-Sheeifl 5 .-La la@ i a@v /2/1 7 /6L L Patented June 5, 1923.

JAMES MACMARTIN, 0F ALBANY, NEW YORK.

UNITED srrss RAILWAY TIE.

Application filed August 8, 1921. Serial No. 490,511.

T 0 all whom t lmay conce/m.'

Be it known that I, JAMES MACMARTIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Albany, in the county of Albany and State of New York, have inventednew and useful Improvements in Railway Ties, of which the following is a specification.

Reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, and the reference characters marked thereon, which form a part of this specication. Similar characters refer to similar p-arts in the several figures therein.

This invention relates to railway ties of various kinds in which are employed a reinforced body of concrete; and it relates more-particularly toy a railway tie in which wooden blocks are incorporated with a reinforcedv body of concrete.

Certain objects of the invention are to strengthen and prolong the life of the tie; and to provide a suitable support for the rail and the rail-holding spikes.

Other objects will appear in rconnection with the following description.

Fig. l 0f the drawings is a top plan view of a railway tie embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a` view in side elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 is a central vertical longitudinal section of the same taken on the broken line 3 3 in Fig'. l.

Fig. 4 is a cross section of the same takenv on the broken line 4--4 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a cross section of the same taken on the broken line 5 5 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a cross section of the same taken on the broken line 6-6 in Fig. l.

Fig. 7 is a cross section of the same taken on the broken line 7 7 in Fig. l.

Fig. 8 is a cross section similar to Fig. 7, showing a modified form of my invention. Fig. 9 is a cross section similar to Fig. 4,

showing a modified form of my'invention( Fig. 10 is a view in perspective of one of the Z-bars employed in the construction shown in Fig. 8.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive of theA drawings wherein the invention is shown in preferred form, l is an elongated body of concrete of a length and width suitable for a railway tie, with which body of concrete are incorporated reinforcing members and rail-and-spike-supporting members.

.I have shown incorporated in the body of concrete longitudinal reinforcing members in the form of channel-irons, 2, larrangedparallel with each other and with their channels facing one another.

These channel-irons may be held together at suitable intervals by means of bolts, 3, but I have ascertained that they can b'e more securely and satisfactorily held together by means of hoops, 4 or 5, which hoops embrace both irons.

rIhese hoops are made of metal, the hoops, 4.-, being of simple rectangular form adapted to embrace both irons, as shown in4 Fig. 6, while the hoops, 5, are twisted to separately embrace the irons, 2 and to form diagonal cross-members of the hoop between the irons, 2, as shown in- Fig. 5.

The weight of the tie may `be reduced by reducing the height of the tie at 'its middle portion, 6, and also at the extreme end portions', 7, if desired, but the portions of the tie which are beneath or near the rails, 8, are preferably made of full height.

At these full-height portions of the tie I embedV in the body of concrete and within the space between the channel-irons, 2, a cushion-block, 9, preferably made of wood vor similar moge or lless elastic material.

This cushion-block, 9, preferably rests upon a supporting-plate, l0, of metal which extends beneath the cushion-block from one channel-iron, 2, tothe other, resting upon the lower flanges of said channel-irons, as shown in Fig. 4.

The channeldrons, 2, supporting-plate, 10, and cushion-block, 9, are all embedded in the concrete body and are enclosed thereby on the bottom, opposite sides and'opposite ends.

Superimposed upon the cushion-block, 9, and-extending preferably somewhat beyond the ends and sides of said cushion-block, is a rail-bed-block, l1, which is also preferably made of more or less elastic material as wood, which is adapted to form a suitable bed for the rail, 8,4 and a suitable support or hold `for the rail-retaining spikes, 12.

The rail-'bed-block, 11, is removably incorporated in the tie by means of a pair of transverse Z-bars,13, with inwardly extending upper flanges, 14, forming between the bars a channel extending transversely of the tie into and out of which the rail-bedblock vcan be driven, thus making it possible to renew' the block from time totime as the same becomes worn or impaired by use. f

. In use the rail, 8, isllaid upon the block, 11,

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and secured thereto and to the tie .bymeans of spikes, 12, driven through the block, 11, into the cushion-block, 9.

The stress due to flection of the rail under load is thus distributed through the block, 11, and the Z-bars, 13, to the concrete body of the tie. To better distribute this stress, I anchor theV Z-bars to the longitudinal channel-bars, 2, by having the lower flanges, of the Z--bars restupon` the upper flanges of the. channel-bars towhich they are secured by rivets, 15,. as shown in Fig. 7.

The stress is thus transmitted largely to thechannel-.irons, 2, and from the channelirons is widely distributed to the concrete body.

By having the cushion-block, 9, supported by the plate, 10, resting upon the lower ianges of the channel-irons, 2, the stress transmitted through the cushion-block is widely distributed through the channelirons to the concrete body.

In use the ties are made in the manner of thel ordinary wooden tie rand the rails are laid upon the rail-bed-blocks, 11, and spiked to the tie in substantially the same manner as with an ordinary wooden tie.

The spikes can be withdrawn when desired and the position of the rail shifted laterally of the rail when desired, and the spikes driven into the block, 11, at different oints.

IVhen the block, 11, becomes so worn or impaired as to make it desirable to renew.

the same, the block is easily driven out and a similar new block driven into the channel between the Z-bars, 13.

In the modification shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the channel-bars, 2a, are arranged with their channels facing outwardly, and I have shown the Z-bars, 13a, anchored to those channel-bars by means of hook-shaped extensions, 13", formed on the lower flange, 13, of the Z-bar, adapted to embrace the upper flangechedges of both channel-irons, 2a, as shown in Fig. 8.

I also connect together the channel-irons, 2a, by means of a cross-plate, 10a, having hook-shaped edge-flanges, 10b, which embrace the lower edge-flanges of the channelirons, 2a, as shown in Fig. 9.

The tie is constructed by assembling and securing together in the manner above described the various metal reinforcing members, and supporting the skeleton structure thus formed within a mold into which the concrete; is poured and tamped in a manner which will be readily understood by those skilled inthe art;

Thi-le. I'have referred to certain of the structural elements in my improved tie as irons, bars, fetc., I do not wish tov be limited to making'these elements of any particular' metalyfand' for certain purposes of the invention Ido. not wish to be limited` to any particular form for certain of these elements.

I have described the tie as a reinforced concrete structure, but it will be apparent from the foregoing description that for certain purposes of the invention in its preferred form, thebody of the tie comprises a metal-frame encased in concrete.

In the use of concrete railway ties as heretofore constructed, I have found that under the weight of a passing locomotive or car there is a tendency of the broken-stone ballast to shift and bel crowded out from beneath the tie.

Concrete ties as customarily madepresent a substantially continuous unbroken bottom surface to the ballast which surface has little or no effect to hold together thesubjacent pieces of broken stone which are more or less held together however by their indentation' into the wood whenV a wooden tie is employed.

To overcome thisdiiiiculty I have shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, the concrete bottom of the tie provided with anchor projections, 16, formed by partly embedding in the body of concrete pieces of broken stone which project from the bottom surface of the tie,

and are adapted to interlock or interengage with broken stone or the like forming the underlying ballast of the lroad-bed.

These anchor projections by such engagement with the broken stone of the road-bed, serve to hold the saine together whereby the tie is more `securely anchored' to the ballast of the road-bed, and the crowding out of broken stone from beneath the tie is to a large extent prevented.

For certain purposes of the invention `these anchor projections may be formed in any known manner upon the bottom of the tie whereby they are adapted to engage the pieces ofbroken stone or the like comprising the ballast for the purpose above'stated. I prefer, however, to employ for this purpose irregular blocks of broken stone partly embedded in the concrete and forming irregular anchor projections from the bottomsurface thereof.

I'Vhat I claim as new and desire tofsecure by Letters Patent is- 1. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced with longitudinal irons held together at intervals by twisted hoops forming separate loops for each iron, said loops being connected together byv diagonal hoop-members.

2. A railway-tiel havinga concrete bodyI connected together by diagonall hoop-members.`

3. A railway-tiefhaving' a concretebody ,reinforced with longitudinal reinforced with longitudinal irons separated by interposed cushion-blocks, and held to gether at intervals by transverse hoops.

4. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced with longitudinal irons, and transverse Z-bars anchored to said irons with their upper flanges extending toward each other to form a channel between the bars, and a rail-bed-block removably inserted in said channel.

5. A railway-tie having a concrete body irons, and transverse Z-bars anchoredto said irons with their upper flanges extending toward each other to form a channel between the bars, a rail-bed-block removably inserted in said channel, and a cushion-block embedded in the concrete body between said longitudinal irons subjacent to said rail-bed-block.

6. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced with longitudinal irons, and transverse Z-bars anchored to said irons with their upper flanges extending toward each other to form a channelbetween the bars, a rail-bed-block removably inserted in said channel, and means for holding said longitudinal irons together in addition to said Z- bars and the concrete body.

7. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced with longitudinal irons, and transverse Z-bars anchored to said irons with their upper flanges extending toward each other to form a channel between the bars, a rail-bed-block removably inserted in said channel, and hoops for holding together said longitudinal irons.

8. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced by longitudinal irons, a plate extending across and supported by the lower edges of said irons, and a cushion-block inserted in the conc-rete body resting upon said plate between said irons.

9. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced by longitudinal channel-irons with outwardly facing flanges, a plate having hook-shaped ends connecting together the lower flanged edges of said irons, and a cushion-block embedded in the concrete body resting upon said plate between said irons.

10. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced by longitudinal irons, cushionblocks whereby said irons are spaced apart, means lfor holding said irons together, transverse Z-bars connecting together said irons, said Z-bars having upper llanges facing each other to form between the bars a channel above a cushion-block, and a rail-bed-block removably inserted in said channel.

11. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced by longitudinal channel-irons, a cross-plate supported by said irons, a cushion-block embedded in the concrete vbetween ysaid irons resting upon said crossplate, transverse Z-bars anchored to said irons with flanges projecting toward each other forming between the bars a channel above said cushion-block, and a rail-bedblock removably inserted in said channel resting upon said cushion-blocl- 12. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced with longitudinal irons, and transverse bars anchored to said irons and having on their upper edges flanges extending toward each other to form a channel between the bars, and a rail-bed-block removably inserted in said channel. y

`13. A railway-tie having a concrete body reinforced with .longitudinal irons and transverse members anchored to said irons, and a rail-bed-block removably supported by said transverse members, and in underlying engagement with integral portions of said transverse members. 14. A railway-tie having its bottom formed of concrete, and having anchor-blocks partly embedded in the concrete and projecting from the bottom surface thereof.

15. A railway-tie having its bottom formed of concrete with pieces of broken stone partly embedded in the concrete and forming irregular anchor-projections from the surface thereof.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this fourth day of August 1921.

JAMES inCMArrriN. 

